The Gospel of Judas:Irenaeus notes: They produce a fictitious history of this kind, which they style the Gospel of Judas. There are other Gnostic sects associated which begin really in the garden of Eden where the serpent (a Musical Enchanter) wholly seduced Eve so that "Cain was OF that wicked one." Cain is derived from "A Musical Note" and his family fathered all of the COMMERCIAL and "magical" practices to steal other people's property.

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Babylonia and Ancient Near Eastern Texts

On Line Ancient Near Eastern Texts keyed to Britannica Online for Serious links to research on Babylonia. This material is keyed to links to the Britannica On Line Eddition for a coherent outline of the events recorded in the Ancient Near Eastern Texts

Christians have been seeking to turn every symbol (mark IDOL) to the glory of God. Thus a midwinter festival to the s-u-n was converted into a day of rejoicing over the S-o-n of God. If Jesus is described by biblical writers as the "Sun of Righteousness" and God's "true light coming into the world," what could be more natural?

To those with Britannica Online Membership . They have SCRAMBLED their links and I am slowly updating them.

Our Topical Research

See the Background to Tithing in Babylon

David's Temple as a request to rule and worship like THE NATIONS. The Hebrew word goyim, "nations", is a clerical error for Gutium or Guti, a neighbouring state which plays an important role throughout Babylonian history.

Comparing the Elements of the Jerusalem Temple to the Tower of Babel and other ancient temples

Babylonian Background to Jewish Sabbath

This page does not expand upon the fact that the primary "gods" were originally the erratic heavenly bodies including the Sun, Moon and the known planets. The world's literature is aware of a much less stable world and the elements which controlled their lives were seen as living powers. Lesser gods were deified men and women who made it to god status because of some great invention of control devices such as canals, dikes, weapons or musical instruments.

The Bible also personifies God's power by explaining His "Spirit" or Mind as hovering over the waters; God "walks upon the wings of the wind." And His ministers are "wind, fire, earthquakes, etc." Because God is invisible we see His work in the natural world. Job (27:1; 29:1) speaks of the creative events as "parables" and Jesus said that the mysteries of God were hidden in parables from the foundation of the world (Matthew 13). It is important to understand that mountains do not "praise" God and trees do not "clap their hands."

Mesopotamian religion

Beliefs and practices of the Sumerians and Akkadians, and their successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians, who inhabited ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) in the millennia before the Christian era. These religious beliefs and practices form a single stream of tradition.

Four periods of Sumerian can be distinguished: Archaic Sumerian, Old or Classical Sumerian, New Sumerian, and Post-Sumerian.

Archaic Sumerian covered a period from about 3100 BC, when the first Sumerian records make their appearance, down to about 2500 BC. The earliest Sumerian writing is almost exclusively represented by texts of business and administrative character. There are also school texts in the form of simple exercises in writing signs and words. The Archaic Sumerian language is still very poorly understood, partly because of the difficulties surrounding the reading and interpretation of early Sumerian writing and partly because of the meagreness of sources.

Akkadian spread across an area extending from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf during the time of Sargon (Akkadian Sharrum-kin) of the Akkad dynasty, who reigned from about 2334 to about 2279 BC. By about 2000 Akkadian had supplanted Sumerian as the spoken language of southern Mesopotamia, although Sumerian remained in use as the written language of sacred literature

Sumerian in origin, it was added to and subtly modified by the Akkadians (Semites who emigrated into Mesopotamia from the west at the end of the 4th millennium BC), whose own beliefs were in large measure assimilated to, and integrated with, those of their new environment.

The Hurrians enter the orbit of ancient Middle Eastern civilization toward the end of the 3rd millennium BC. They arrived in Mesopotamia from the north or the east, but it is not known how long they had lived in the peripheral regions. There is a brief inscription in Hurrian language from the end of the period of Akkad, while that of King Arishen (or Atalshen) of Urkish and Nawar is written in Akkadian.

Amorite: member of an ancient Semitic-speaking people who dominated the history of Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine from about 2000 to about 1600 BC. In the oldest cuneiform sources (c. 2400-c. 2000 BC), the Amorites were equated with the West, though their true place of origin was most likely Arabia, not Syria. They were troublesome nomads and were believed to be one of the causes of the downfall of the 3rd dynasty of Ur (c. 2112-c. 2004 BC).

The Kassites in Babylonia: The Kassites had settled by 1800 BC in what is now western Iran in the region of Hamadan-Kermanshah. The first to feel their forward thrust was Samsuiluna, who had to repel groups of Kassite invaders. Increasing numbers of Kassites gradually reached Babylonia and other parts of Mesopotamia. There they founded principalities, of which little is known. No inscription or document in the Kassite language has been preserved. Some 300 Kassite words have been found in Babylonian documents. Nor is much known about the social structure of the Kassites or their culture. There seems to have been no hereditary kingdom. Their religion was polytheistic; the names of some 30 gods are known.

Chaldea: also spelled CHALDAEA, Assyrian KALDU, BABYLONIAN KASDU, Hebrew KASDDIM, land in southern Babylonia (modern southern Iraq) frequently mentioned in the Old Testament. Strictly speaking, the name should be applied to the land bordering the head of the Persian Gulf between the Arabian desert and the Euphrates delta. Words related to the Chaldeans shows that the word is synonynous with "Astrologers, Magi, Sorcerers, and musical magicians" because of their discovery of the god-calling power of ringing brass or vibrating strings.

Britannica History of Mesopotamia required from Britannica)

Gracious permission from: "Copyright J.A. Black, G. Cunningham, E. Robson, and G. Zlyomi 1998, 1999, 2000. The authors have asserted their moral rights." Scholarly Versions at their Home Page

A

AB

ABGAL

ABRAHAM

Abraham, Ur of Chaldees, Fertile Crescent Travel

ABSU

ABYSS s

ABZU abzu wr. ab-su, ab-zu

ADAD ( See Hadad below

ADAPA ( (Uan, Oannes)

Adapa Myth

ADMINISTRATION

ADONAI (

AGADE (

The Legend of Sargon of Agade-Barton\

The Sargon Legend From etcsl\

The Cursing of Agade\

AGRICULTURE

Three ox-drivers from Adab\

The farmer's instructions\

How Grain Came to Sumer

AHIKAR (

The Story of Ahikar, Grand Vizier of Assyria

Book of Tobit

AKITU

Akitu Festival

Akitu Festival At Ur: http://www.GatewaysToBabylon.com/religion/sumerianakitu.htm

Magic: http://www.GatewaysToBabylon.com/religion/magic1.htm

AKKAD The first Babylonian city.

AKKADIANS

AN

The Worm and the Toothache

ANSHAR and KISHAR

ANTUM

ANU

Anunnki - Anu, Enlil, Shamash, Ea - The Creation of Man

ANUNNA

ANUNNAKI (Anukki, Enunaki)

ANZU

Epic of Lugalbanda

Myth of Anzu

LUGALBANDA AND THE ANZU BIRD

Enunaki

APOPIS

APSU

AQHAT or Aqahat See DANIEL

ARURU (Mammi)

ASAG (KUR)

ASALLUHE

ASHERAH

ASHUR (Assur)

The Creation Account From Ashur

ASHURBANIPAL

Advice To A Prince

Prayer of Ashurbanipal to Shamash (the sun god)

Babylonian Proverbs and recepts- Ashurbanipal's Library - Ancient Education

ATRAHASIS

Atrahasis and Human Creation -

The Creation Account From Ashur

Enki and Ninmah

BABEL

BABYLON (Babil)

Babylonia Catholic Encyclopedia

The Legend of Sargon of Agade

BAU

BEER AND BARLEY

The Hymn to Ninkasi - Making Beer

Read a Modern Testing

How Grain Came to Sumer

BEL

Bel and the Dragon may speak to modern performing clergy.

Baal Cycle

BELILI

BELIT

BRAZEN Serpent

Some Articles on Serpent Worship

BULL OF HEAVEN

Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven Photos Added

BULL WORSHIP

BYTHUS, Bythos

See Gnostic version of Jesus' "in spirit and in truth concept."

CALAH

CHALDEA (Chaldaea, Assy Kaldu, Bab Kasdu, Heb Kasddim)

CHALDEAN

Chronology and Images Off Site

COSMOS

DAG, DAGAN, Dagon

Bell and the Dragon

DAMKINA (Chaldean, Babylonian)

DAMU

DAZIMUA:

DANIEL or Danel

Daniel in North Syria Aqahat, Paghat, El, Anath, Daniel, Danel

Daniel's Need for a Son

DEEP

DEMON OR Daemon

The Seven Evil Spirits or Demons

DEMIGODS

DEMONS GALAS

DILMUN

DIMME LAMASHTU

DINGIR

Epic of Paradise Column I, II, III, IV, V, VI

DRAGON

DUMUZI

Dumuzi is Presented to Inanna

The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi

Dumuzid and Geshtin-ana

Dumuzid's Dream

Shumdunda Grass

DUMUZI-AMASHUMGALANA

DUMUZI-ABZU

EA-EL

EA (ENKI)

The ME, Inanna - Ea - Gift of Wisdom and Music

Enki and the World Order,

Enki and the World Order From ECCL

Nam-shub of Enki confusion of tongues

EA-ENGURRA Temple of the god Ea in Eridu.

ENKI BUILDS THE E-ENGURRA

EANNA or E-Anna

ENHEDUANNA

PRAYER OF ENHEDUANNA -ADORATION OF INANNA OF UR

ENMEBARAGESI, king of Kish

ENKI (EA)

Atrahasis myth

Enki and Ninhursanga

Enki and Ninmah

Enki and the world order

Enki's journey to Nibru

Enki Builds the E-Engurra

Adapa Myth

The Eridu Genesis

ENKIDU

Domestication of Enkidu

Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the nether world

ENLIL See Bel

Enlil and Ninlil

Enlil and Ninlil - ETCSL Translation

The Worm and the Toothache

How Grain Came to Sumer

Enlil and Sud

Enlil in the E-Kur (Enlil A)

Enlil and Nam-Zid.Tara

ENMERKER

Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta

Enmerkar and En-suhgir-ana

ENUMA ELISH

The Creation - Magian Version
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
The Babylonian Creation Epic All Tablets in One File: N.K.Sandars
Tablet I, Tablet II, Tablet III, Tablet IV, Tablet V, Tablet VI, Tablet VII By Stephanie Dally
Fragment describing the creation of animals.
Tablet I, Tablet II, Tablet III, Tablet IV, Tablet V, Tablet VI, Tablet VII From George A. Barton
Enuma Elish, The Fifty Names of Marduk, Tablet VIb - VII From E. A. Speiser uploaded

Introduction, Tablet I, Tablet II, Tablet III, Tablet IV, Tablet V, Tablet VI, Tablet VII E. A. Speiser some not on internet
ENSUHKESHDANNA See Enmerker Above

ERECH

ERESHKIGAL

Marriage of Nergal and Ereshkigal

ERIDU

THE ERIDU GENESIS

The Eridu Genesis

ERRA (Mythica)

ERRA AND ISHUM

ESAGILA

ETANA MYTH

The Myth of Etana

ETEMENANKI

FLOOD

Tablet XI of the epic of Gilgamesh

The Flood Story

Flood Narrative

GARDEN

Expulsion From the Garden

GALAS, The demons

GESHTINANNA, GESTINNANA (Demi-god)

Dumuzid and Geshtin-ana

GILGAMESH

Gilgamesh Prologue

Tablet I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

Speiser XI

Translation by E. A. Speiser, in Ancient Near Eastern Texts (Princeton, 1950), pp. 60-72, as reprinted in Isaac Mendelsohn (ed.), Religions of the Ancient Near East, Library of Religion paperbook series (New York, 1955). PP. 100-6; notes by Mendelsohn

http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/catlist.htm
Flood Account From Nineveh 7th Century B.C.

The Flood Narrative From the Gilgamesh Epic 11th tablet

Another Flood Narrative From the Gilgamesh Epic

Sumerian Flood Narrative From the Gilgamesh Epic

Gilgamesh and Agga of Kish

Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven Photos Added

Flood Narrative

The death of Gilgamesh

Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the nether world

Gilgamesh and Huwawa (version A) or Humbaba

Gilgamesh and Huwawa (version B)

GUDEA general background)

GUGALANA

GULU

HADAD

HAMMURABI King of Babylon 1848-1806 BC.

Code of Hammurabi

Marriage Contracts

HESOID

Hesoid's Theogony

HULLUPU TREE

Hullupu Tree

HUMBABA (Humwawa)

Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven

Gilgamesh and Huwawa (version A) or Humbaba

Gilgamesh and Huwawa (version B)

Gilgamesh and Agaga of Kish

IGIGI (ee gee' gee)

INANNA (Inannu)

PRAYER OF ENHEDUANNA -ADORATION OF INANNA OF UR

Hullupu Tree

The ME, Inanna - Ea - Gift of Wisdom and Music

The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi BabCourtship.html

The Exhaltation of Inana BabInanaB.html

Inana's descent to the nether world J.A. Black etal.

Inanna Descent Wolkstein - Kramer
Inana and Enki

Inanna and Ebih

Dumuzi is Presented to Inanna

Inana and Shu-kale-tuda

Dumuzid and Geshtin-ana

The death of Dumuzi

Dumuzid's Dream

Hymn from Inanna to Tammuz

Hymn of Love from Inanna to Tammuz

Inanna and Bilulu

IMDUGUD See NINURTA

ISHKUR Married goddess Shala

ISHTAR

Ishtar Descent into to the Nether world

Istar Descent into the Netherworld - Babylon

The Sleep of Ishtar

Hymn to Ishtar

Prayer of Lamentation to Ishtar

KI / Ninhursag

EIGHT CHILDREN OF KI, THE??????

KINGS (Sumerian)

Sumerian King List

Sumerian King List - Long *

Long-Lived Patriarchs

Antediluvian Patriarchs

KINGU The dragon of chaos. See Below

KISH

KISHAR

KOSMOS Pythagoreanism

KOTHAR

KUR The Underworld. (See Asag).

LAGASH

Umma and Lagash

Rulers of Lagash

Sumerian Inscription Umma and Lagash - Babylonia

LAHMU AND LAHAMU

LAMU:

LAHAMU:

LAMASHTU

LARSA

LEVIATHAN liweyathan (Hebrew) (BM

LILITH (Hebrew)

LUCIFER (Latin)

LUDLUL BEL NEMEQU

Ludlul Bel Nimeqi, Tabu-utul-Bel (Job)

LUGALBANDA (Mesop. hero)

Lugalbanda and kar

Lugalbanda in the mountain cave

Lugalbanda epic

Lugalbanda and Enmerkar

LUGALBANDA AND THE ANZU BIRD

MARDUK ()

Enuma Elish, The Fifty Names of Marduk, Tablet VIb - VII From E. A. Speiser

The Feast of Marduk and Zarpanit - the Sabbath, Shabbat, Shabatum

Psalm to Marduk

Poem Of The Righteous Sufferer

MARTU

Marriage of Martu

MASHU, Mount

See First Adam and Eve for a description of the Supernatural Mountain and Second Adam and Eve

Supernatural Mountain and

Second Adam and Eve

The ME, Inanna - Ea - Gift of Wisdom and Music

MESLAMTAEA

MESOPOTAMIAN CULT

MOABITE-STONE

Moabite Stone

MUMMU-TIAMAT

MUSIC

See how music was introduced

Musical Worship in Babylon

Tammuz, Lament on the Flute

MUSIC OF THE SPHERES

MUSIC

Some of the References to Demon Worship

NABU

Alexander Hislop The Death of the Child

Alexander Hislop The Child in Greece

NAMMU

NAM-SHUB begin here.........

Nam-Shub

NAMTAR (Namtara)

Myth of Atrahasis

Enki and Ninmah.

NAM-ZID-TARA

Enlil andNam-Zid-Tara

NANNA

The Herds Of Nanna

Journey of Nanna to Nippur

NANNAR.

Hymn to Sin - Moon God

NANNA-SIN Nanna-Suen

Journey of Nanna to Nippur

Hymn to Nannar/Sin

Nanna-Suen's journey to Nibru

NANSHE

NERGAL

Marriage of Nergal and Ereshkigal

Abraham, Ur of Chaldees, Babylonian Tablets

NIBRU

Lament for Nibru

NIMROD

A Collection of Notes on Nimrod and Musical Worship in Babylonia

NINAZU

The building of Ningirsu´s temple

NINGAL

Lament for the Destruction of Ur.

NINGIRSU

NINGISHZIDA )

Adapa Myth

Ningishzida and Damu

Ningishzida and Ninazimua

Journey To The Netherworld

NINHAR

NINHURSAG See Ki.

Enki and Ninmah.

Enki and Ninhursanga

NINIB

NINKASA

The Hymn to Ninkasi - Making Beer

NINLIL

Enlil and Ninlil

NINMAH SEE NINHURSAG

NINSUN

NINURTA

Ninurta and the Turtle

Pabilsang's (Ninurta) journey to Nibru

Exploits of Ninurta

The return of Ninurta to Nibru (Nippur)

Ninurta's fields

NINUS

NIPPUR

Journey of Nanna to Nippur

Enki and Enlil Establish order at Nippur With the Grain Goddess Ezinu

NUSKU

OANNES

Alexander Hislop - The Name of the Beast

Alexander Hislop - The Beast From the Sea

PABILSAG

Pabilsang's journey to Nibru

PAPSUKKEL

PHILO

Creation Account

PROPHECY

PUKKU AND MIKKU

RIMMON

RESHEP

SABBATH

Sabbath Musical Instruments David-Like Lament

The Feast of Marduk and Zarpanit - the Sabbath, Shabbat, Shabatum

Expulsion From the Garden

Babylonian Background to Jewish Sabbath

SAMMU-RAMAT

SARPANITUM: Marduk's consort.

SARGON

The Sargon Legend 2

The Legend of Sargon of Agade

SEMIRAMIS

SERPENT

Index of ANE and other Documents on Serpent Worship

SHAMASH

Anunnki - Anu, Enlil, Shamash, Ea - The Creation of Man

Shamash (Sun god), Hymn To

The Worm and the Toothache

Great Hymn to Shamash

SHULGI

Self-Hymn of Praise to Shulgi

SHULPAE

SHURUPPAK

The Instructions of Shuruppag

The Eridu Genesis

SIDURI

GILGAMESH EPIC

Ishtar Descent to the Nether world

Istar Descent Babylon

SIN

Hymn to Sin - Moon God

Shamash (Sun god), Hymn To

Hymn to Nannar/Sin

Prayer to Sin - The Moon God

Prayer of Ashurbanipal to Shamash (the sun god)

EIGHT CHILDREN OF KI
EKUR

Enlil in the E-kur (Enlil A)

ELLIL (Illil, Sumerian Enlil)

The Creation of the Pickax by Enlil, the Babylonian Holy Spirit

Anunnki - Anu, Enlil, Shamash, Ea - The Creation of Man

CULT OF TAMMUZ

Tammuz, Lament on the Flute

Hymn from Inanna to Tammuz

Hymn of Love from Inanna to Tammuz

Ishtar Descent to the Nether world (The 7 Gates of Hell)

TIAMAT
TOBIT

Book of Tobit

The Story of Ahikar, Grand Vizier of Assyria

TOWER OF BABEL (babel, gate of God),

UMMANU

Story of Lamech and His Children

Genun as Composit of Lamech's Children

UNDERWORLD
Ishtar Descent to the Nether world

UR

Lament for the Destruction of Ur

Abraham, Ur of Chaldees, Babylonian Tablets

UR-NAMMU

URUK
UTNAPISHTIM

UTTU

UTU see Shamash

Enlil and Ninlil

UTU-HEGAL, Utu-Hegal (Utu-khegal)

Poem of Utu-hejal - Destroying the Serpent Gutium - Enemy of the gods

WORSHIP

Babylonian Worship: A man and his god

YAH
ZARPANIT

The Feast of Marduk and Zarpanit - the Sabbath, Shabbat, Shabatum

ZIGGURAT

The Temple Hymns

ZISUTRA

Atrahasis.

ZIUSUDRA (Sumerian)

The Eridu Genesis

ZU (Imdugud)

For an expanded Glossary of these topics and more

The Best Collection of Links to Gilgamesh and History 3010 Professor Lee Huddleston

Comprehensive Index of Myths and Legends

Gateway to Babylon

Rutgers University Virtual Religion Index

Iraq4You: News, events, etc----Iraq Religions ---Mandaean Christians

U-Penn resources

Yahoo Mesopotamia

Yahoo Babylonia

The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature---All Ancient Near Eastern Texts

Barton , George, A. Archaeology and the Bible, 7th Edition

The Book

Myths from Mesopotamia : Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others, Stephanie Dalley

E-MAIL Comments Welcome

American Restoration Movement Index

HOME PAGE

Compass

SINUHE

TALE of SINUHE

SHAMBAT

TAMMUZ ()

Dumuzid's Dream

Dumuzi is Presented to Inanna

The Courtship of Inanna and Dumuzi

Weeping for Tammuz

Home... Apocalyptic... Apocryphal... Awakening... Caneridge... Church.... Colonial... Baptism..... Godhead.... MaxLucado... Lynn.Aderson... Musical Worship... Preaching... Restoration... RubelShelly... Search Our Site... Tongues... Topical.

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