Ludlul
Bel Nimeqi, Tabu-utul-Bel (Job)
I will serve the Lord of Wisdom: I prayed to my goddess, but she raised not her head. The seer by his oracle did not discern the future; Nor did the enchanter with a libation illuminate my case.
In about1700 B.C. a Babylonian poem treats of a mysterious affliction which overtook a righteous man of Babylon, and has been compared with the book of Job:
-
- 1. I advanced in life, I attained to the allotted span:
- Wherever I turned there was evil, evil--
- Oppression is increased, uprightness I see not.
- I cried unto god, but he showed not his face.
- 1. I advanced in life, I attained to the allotted span:
- 5. I prayed to my goddess,
but she raised not her head.
- The seer by his oracle did not discern the future;
- Nor did the enchanter with a libation illuminate my case;
- I consulted the necromancer, but he opened not my understanding.
- The conjurer with his charms did not remove my ban.
- The seer by his oracle did not discern the future;
- 10. How deeds are reversed
in the world!
- I look behind, oppression encloses me
- Like one who the sacrifice to god did not bring,
- And at meal-time did not invoke the goddess
- Did not bow down his face, his offering was not seen;
- I look behind, oppression encloses me
- 15. (Like one) in whose
mouth prayers and supplications were locked,
- (For whom) god's day had ceased, a feast day become rare,
- (One who) has thrown down his fire-pan, gone away from their images.
- God's fear and veneration has not taught his people
- Who invoked not his god when he ate god's food;
- (For whom) god's day had ceased, a feast day become rare,
- 20. (Who) abandoned his
goddess, and brought not what is prescribed,
- (Who) oppresses the weak, forgets his god
- Who takes in vain the mighty name of his god; he says, I am like him.
- But I myself thought of prayers and supplications--
- Prayer was my wisdom, sacrifice, my dignity;
- (Who) oppresses the weak, forgets his god
- 25. The day of honoring
the gods was the joy of my heart
- The day of following the goddess was my acquisition of wealth
- The prayer of the king, that was my delight,
- And his music, for my pleasure was its sound.
- I gave directions to my land to revere the names of god,
- The day of following the goddess was my acquisition of wealth
- 30. To honor the name of
the goddess I taught my people.
- Reverence for the king I greatly exalted,
- And respect for the palace I taught the people;
- For I knew that with god these things are in favor.
- What is innocent of itself, to god is evil!
- Reverence for the king I greatly exalted,
- 35. What in
one's heart is
contemptible, to
one's god is
good!
- Who can understand the thoughts of the gods in heaven?
- The counsel of god is full of destruction; who can understand?
- Where may human beings learn the ways of God?
- He who lives at evening is dead in the morning;
- Who can understand the thoughts of the gods in heaven?
- 40. Quickly he is
troubled; all at once he is oppressed;
- At one moment he sings and plays;
- In the twinkling of an eye
- he howls like a funeral-mourner.
- Like sunshine and clouds
their thoughts change;
- They are hungry and like a corpse;
- 45. They are
filled and rival their god!
- In prosperity they speak of climbing to Heaven
- Trouble overtakes them and they speak of going down to Sheol.
(At this point the tablet is broken. We do not know how many lines are wanting before the narrative is resumed on the back of the tablet)
- In prosperity they speak of climbing to Heaven
- Into my prison my house is
turned.
- Into the bonds of my flesh are my hands thrown;
- Into the fetters of myself my feet have stumbled.
- ...............................................................................................
- Into the bonds of my flesh are my hands thrown;
- 5. With a whip he has beaten me; there is no protection;
- With a staff he has transfixed me; the stench was terrible!
- All day long the pursuer pursues me,
- In the night watches he lets me breathe not a moment;
- Through torture my joints are torn asunder;
- With a staff he has transfixed me; the stench was terrible!
- 10. My limbs are
destroyed, loathing covers me;
- On my couch I welter like an ox;
- I am covered, like a sheep, with my excrement.
- My sickness baffled the conjurers,
- And the seer left dark my omens.
- On my couch I welter like an ox;
- 15. The diviner has not improved the condition of
my sickness-
- The duration of my illness the seer could not state;
- The god helped me not, my hand he took not;
- The goddess pitied me not, she came not to my side;
- The coffin yawned; they [the heirs] took my possessions;
- The duration of my illness the seer could not state;
- 20. While I was not yet
dead, the death wail was ready.
- My whole land cried out: "How is he destroyed!"
- My enemy heard; his face gladdened;
- They brought as good news the glad tidings, his heart rejoiced.
- But I knew the time of all my family;
- My whole land cried out: "How is he destroyed!"
- 25. When among the protecting spirits their divinity is exalted.
- A third tablet is
considerably broken but the parts which are legible are as
follows:
- ..........................................................................
- ...........................................................
- Let thy hand grasp the javelin
- Tabu-utul-Bel, who lives at Nippur,
- ..........................................................................
- 5. Has sent me to consult
thee;
- Has laid his...............................upon me.
- In life....................................has cast, he has found. [He says]:
- "[I lay down] and a dream I beheld;
- This is the dream which I saw by night:
- Has laid his...............................upon me.
- 10. [He who made woman]
and created man
- Marduk, has ordained (?) that he be encompassed with sickness (?)."
- ....................................................................................
- Marduk, has ordained (?) that he be encompassed with sickness (?)."
- 15.
And............................in
whatever............................
- He said: "How long will he be in such great affliction and distress?
- What is it that he saw in his vision of the night?"
- "In the dream Ur-Bau appeared
- A mighty hero wearing his crown
- He said: "How long will he be in such great affliction and distress?
- 20. A conjurer, too, clad in strength,
- Marduk indeed sent me;
- Unto Shubshi-meshri-Nergal he brought abu[ndance];
- In his pure hands he brought ab[undance].
- By my guardian-spirit (?) he st[opped] (?) ,"
- Marduk indeed sent me;
- 25. [By] the
seer he sent a message:
- "A favorable omen I show to my people."
- ......................................................................................
- ...he quickly finished; the.........was broken
- ........of my lord, his heart [was satisfied];
- "A favorable omen I show to my people."
- 30...........................his spirit was
appeased
- ................my lamentation.........................
- ..................good ................
- ................my lamentation.........................
- Reverse Side
- .............................................
- ..............................................
- .............................like....................................
- He approached (?) and the spell which he had pronounced (?),
- 5. He sent a storm wind to
the horizon;
- To the breast of the earth it bore a blast
- Into the depth of his ocean the disembodied spirit vanished (?);
- Unnumbered spirits he sent back to the under-world.
- The................of the hag-demons he sent straight to the mountain.
- To the breast of the earth it bore a blast
- 10. The sea-flood he
spread with ice;
- The roots of the disease he tore out like a plant.
- The horrible slumber that settled on my rest;
- Like smoke filled the sky......................
- With the woe he had brought, unrepulsed and bitter, he filled the earth like a storm.
- The roots of the disease he tore out like a plant.
- 15. The unrelieved
headache which had overwhelmed the heavens
- He took away and sent down on me the evening dew.
- My eyelids, which he had veiled with the veil of night
- He blew upon with a rushing wind and made clear their sight.
- My ears, which were stopped, were deaf as a deaf man's--
- He took away and sent down on me the evening dew.
- 20. He removed their
deafness and restored their hearing.
- My nose, whose nostril had been stopped from my mother's womb--
- He eased its deformity so that I could breathe.
- My lips, which were closed--he had taken their strength--
- He removed their trembling and loosed their bond.
- My nose, whose nostril had been stopped from my mother's womb--
- 25. My mouth which was
closed so that I could not be understood---
- He cleansed it like a dish, he healed its disease.
- My eyes, which had been attacked so that they rolled together--
- He loosed their bond and their balls were set right.
- The tongue, which had stiffened so that it could not be raised
- He cleansed it like a dish, he healed its disease.
- 30. [He relieved] its
thickness, so its words could be understood.
- The gullet which was compressed, stopped as with a plug--
- He healed its contraction, it worked like a flute.
- My spittle which was stopped so that it was not secreted--
- He removed its fetter, he opened its lock.
- ............................................................................
- ...................................................................
- The gullet which was compressed, stopped as with a plug--
"To him, as with Job, the providence is inexplicable. He like Job, charges his god with inscrutable injustice. The chasm which often yawns between experience and moral deserts was as keenly felt by the Babylonian as by the Hebrew."
"Here the parallelism with the book of Job ends. The two works belong to widely different religious worlds. Job gains relief by a vision of God--an experience which made him able to believe that, though he could not understand the reason for the pain of life or its contradictions and tragedy, God could, and Job now knew God (Job 42:4-6). Tabu-utul-Bel, on the other hand, is said to have gained his relief through a magician."
From: George A. Barton, Archaeology and The Bible, 7th Edition, Copyright,
1916, by American Sunday School Union, Seventh Edition, 1937, Pgs 491-495
Counter added 1.15.05 11:59a 2225
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