1st. A word is a sign or representative of a thought or an idea, and is the idea in an audible or visible form.
........ It is the exact image of that invisible thought which is a perfect secret to all the world until it is
expressed.
2d. All men think or form ideas by means of words or images;
........ so that no man can think without words or symbols of some sort.
3d. Hence it follows
that the word and the idea which it represents, are co-etaneous, or of the same age or antiquity.
........ It is true the word may not be uttered or born for years or ages after the
idea exists,
........ but still the word is just as old as the
idea.
4th. The idea and the word are nevertheless distinct from each other, though the
relation between them is the nearest known on earth.
........ An idea cannot exist without a word, nor a word without an idea.
5th. He that is
acquainted with the word, is acquainted with the idea, for the idea is wholly in the word.
By putting together the
above remarks on the term word, we have a full view of
what John intended to communicate.
As a word is an exact image of an idea,
........ so is "The Word" an exact image of the
invisible God.
As a word cannot exist without an idea, nor an idea without a word,
so God never
was without
"The Word," nor "The Word" without God;
or as a word is of equal age, or co-etaneous with its
idea,
so "The Word" and God are co-eternal.
And as an idea does not
create its word nor a word its idea;
so God did
not create
"The Word," nor the "Word" God.
Campbell, Alexander - Barton W. Stone
- Walter Scott on The Spirit
Campbell, Thomas
Campbell, Thomas - Spirit - Agent of
Conversion
Campbell, Thomas Holy Spirit - A circular letter
Thomas Campbell and Alexander
Campbell The Spirit
Campbell, Thomas a DIRECT OPERATION
of the Spirit
McGarvey, J. W.
Witness of the Spirit
Witness of the Spirit Our Commentary
Stone, Bartow W.
On the Trinity
On the Godhead and the Son
A Different take
Of Thomas M. Allen Robert Richardson
Memoirs of Alexander Campbell, Volume II. (1869)
He had obtained the
"Christian Baptist" soon after it commenced, and was
delighted with its developments of the simple nature of
the religion of Christ, its distinctions between the different dispensations, and the new light which it
threw upon the themes of the Bible. He quickly abandoned all the
speculations for which with others he had been
contending, and accustomed himself to speak always of
Bible things in Bible words.
The total avoidance of
the terms of scholastic
divinity,
and the practice of speaking of the Father, the Son and the
Holy Spirit
just as the Scriptures speak,
he soon found to do
more toward settling the vexed questions about the "Trinity" than had been done by the
[377] controversies
of fifteen centuries.
He aided much in
extending the circulation of the "Christian Baptist" and
of the views it presented, and in leading the people
forward to more accurate conceptions of primitive Christianity, and labored to promote
the most fraternal and friendly relations between the
"Christians" and the Reformers.
Walter Scott wrote:
"Again--Some will say,
What does the expression Holy Spirit mean? Well, in scripture it stands
........ first for God the Holy Spirit,
........ and secondly for the holy mind or spirit of a believer--
for illustration, take
Peter's words to Ananias, "Why has Satan tempted you to
lie to the Holy
Spirit;
you have not lied to men, but to God," (the Holy Spirit.) And the
Saviour says, How much more will your heavenly Father give
a holy spirit (as it should be
translated) to those that ask him. Again--Praying in a holy spirit. Again--Paul
says he approved himself God's servant "by knowledge, by
long sufferings, by kindness, by a holy spirit'" by a mind
innocent of the love of gain, or commerce, or sensuality.
Holy is an adjective and
not the first name of a Divine Being named "Holy Spirit."
This agrees with both the Hebrew and Greek definition of
"spirit" as being "the mental attributes of the mind and
its expressions."
"Now then the
expression stands for both God the Holy Spirit, and for
a believer's
spirit
made holy by him.
The Triune nature is not
truly glimpsed as God, Jesus and Spirit but Father is God,
Son is God and Spirit is God. Father, Son and Spirit are not
names but Jesus is. In Hebrew Jesus or Joshua means Jehovah-Saves. As
Jehovah was made known by various hyphenated names in the
Old Testament, God of full Deity
For in him dwelleth
all the fulness of the Godhead bodily. Col 2:9
Jesus was born of Mary
as "a body prepared for me" but Jesus as the Word WAS WITH
GOD and WAS GOD. It was the Spirit of Christ in the
prophets (1 Pet 1:11; Rev. 19:10).
However, when the people were all out of
sorts about having to eat the body and drink the blood of
"Jesus" He made it clear to those with ears that the
It is the spirit that
quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you,
they are spirit, and they are life. John 6:63
If an infinite God can incarnate His
Nature in a poor boy like Jesus then Jesus as FULL DEITY
can incarnate His Spirit as THE MIND OF CHRIST in His
Words. Jesus even said that the God-Job of judging people
for eternity has been incarnated in His Words. If you
don't think that He can do that then why believe that He
can live within human flesh which He used as "clothing?"
And if any man hear my
words, and believe not, I judge
him not: for I came not to judge the world, but to save
the world. Jn.12:47
He that rejecteth
me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth
him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge
him in the last day.Jn.12:48
When God returned on Pentecost in
invisible, Spirit form the apostles began to speak. They
did not sing, dance, clap their hands or otherwise imitate
the gone-made pagans. Therefore, God Incarnated his return
as Comforter in Words which teach and comfort.
John Mark Hicks: Second, the renewal of Trinitarianism in this century (beginning
with Karl
Barth) has filtered down to our educators and trained ministers.
What John Mark Hicks seems to be saying
is that the quite unique revival of a trinitarianism which never
truly existed among the scholars, has FILTERED DOWN from
Karl Barth and not from the Word of God!
However, the doctrine of the
Trinity slipped in which scholars were trying to
defeat the view that Christ was not deity:
"This conclusion is
necessary because the doctrine of the Trinity had to be stated by the
Athanasians in order to defeat the Arian position of the creation
of Christ
based upon the various proof texts such as Hebrews 3:2,
Proverbs 8:22, John 16:28; 20:17, Ephesians 4:4-6 and
Revelation 3:14; 4:11.
The UNIVERSAL MESSAGE is
that no one ever believed that God was three persons
meaning people. Rather, in coming to the AID OF GOD they
used the word "trias" to DEFEAT the notion of Christ as a
creature.
Similarly Karl Barth held the view that
"The Bible lacks the
express declaration that the Father, Son and the Holy
Spirit are of equal essence and therefore in an
equal sense God Himself.
And the other
express declaration is also lacking that God is God
thus and only thus, i.e., as the Father, the Son and
the Holy Spirit. These two express declarations which
go beyond the witness of the Bible are
the twofold
content of the Church doctrine of the Trinity (Doctrine of the Word of
God, p. 437. Also quoted by George L. Johnson in Is
God a Trinity?, WCG, USA, 1973, p. 32).
"Judaism, Islam and rational Theism are Unitarian.
On the other hand,
we must honestly
admit that
the doctrine of the Trinity did not form part of the early
Christian - New Testament - message,
nor has it ever been a central article of faith in the
religious life of the Christian Church as a whole, at
any period in its history.
Thus we are forced to
ask: Is this truth the centre of Christian theology, but not the centre of the
Christian Faith? Is such a discrepancy between faith and
theology possible?
Or, is this due to an
erroneous development in the formation of the doctrine
of the Church as a whole?
Certainly, it cannot be denied that not only the word
"Trinity", but even the explicit idea of the Trinity
is absent from the apostolic witness to
the faith; it is equally certain
and incontestable that the best theological tradition,
with one accord, clearly points to the Trinity as its
centre (ibid., p. 206).
Brunner draws his
theological position from the body of dogma that
asserted itself, firstly at the Council of Nicæa in 325
CE and almost continuously from the council of
Constantinople in 381 CE. Brunner asserts in explanation
of the extraordinary position of Calvin above that
The ecclesiastical
doctrine of the Trinity, established by the dogma of the
ancient Church,
........ is not a Biblical kerygma, therefore it is not the kerygma of the
Church,
........
........ but
it is a theological
doctrine
........
........ which
defends
the central faith of the Bible and the Church.
Hence it does not
belong to the sphere of the Church's message, but it belongs to the
sphere of theology; in this sphere it is
the work of the Church to test and examine its
message, in the light of the Word of God given to the
Church. Certainly in this process of theological
reflection the doctrine of the Trinity is central (op.
cit., p. 206).
The UNIVERSAL MESSAGE is
that no one ever believed that God was three persons
meaning people. Rather, in coming to the AID OF GOD they
used the word "trias" to DEFEAT the notion of Christ as a
creature.
> The Nicean motive was NOT
to establish the trinity as a central doctrine taught
by the Bible.
> Rather, Arius taught that
Christ and the Spirit were CREATED beings and were not
therefore God.
> Nicea was simply to
defend THE CENTRAL FAITH that Jesus was full Deity.
Rubel Shelly can abandon the epistles
without a blink because Karl Barth or someone has
convinced him that John wrote that which had been sieved from
philosophy and his own personal agenda. He assuredly got neither the
trinity of separated persons nor Narrative Theology from
the Bible or church historians.
John Mark Hicks: Third, the stress on incarnational theology (particularly within
missiology and ethics) has reaffirmed that God was really among us as Immanuel.
But, the fully
come
in the flesh said: "Where
two or three are gathered together there will I be in the
midst of you." When you forget that and hire
musical worship facilitators to "lead the audience into
the presence of God" you have denied a primary meaning of
"gospel."
Dostoevsky explains that when Jesus comes in our midst
He will not take the HOLY PLACE of pulpit but He will be
out with suffering humanity. When we see Jesus incarnated
it will be in the fleshly form of some old lady needing a
cup of cold water on a hot day when the air conditioner
quits. Jesus will never be seen with the singers and
clappers who mocked him to death with that old paganism.
John Mark Hicks: Fourth, postmodern audiences yearn to hear about community, empathy and relationality which incarnational emphases address.
Does that mean "itching ears"? This
is always understood to be an EFFEMINATE take over of
the church:
From the following proof of FEMININE
and EFFEMINATE takeover:
"Revivals in urban America were no longer
occasions for the church to renew itself as a community, but meetings of
individuals who did not know one another to share their
religious
feelings.
The revivals created
a community
of feeling among people who had no other communal bonds.
Further, as the minister and his sermon declined, personal prayer and testimony came to the fore.
Correlatively,
........ the hymn Iyrics usually either bore
witness to a generalized personal experience.
........ as in "I Love to Tell the
Story," or made personal pleas: "I Need Thee Every
Hour."
"The gospel hymns thus
became an important medium of expression for the emotions and yearnings of Protestants--
"first, the clergy and women who ruled the religious
sphere, and later evangelicals generally,
........ as the churches attempted
to defend
themselves against the challenges of American religious
pluralism.
"The hymns represented
a burst of creativity from the people themselves, a
rich, intensely devotional experience by which one could
rise above the ordinary world.
"The danger,
however, was that the inward-turning quality of the
hymns and their sentimental melodies
"would reinforce the
retreat from social issues which by 1875 was visible
throughout Protestant evangelicalism.
"The power of poetry
and music, sweeping revival crowds along on "billows
and tides of heavenly emotion," as a
nineteenth-century writer put it,
could become a
mere mass movement, without the discipline of
intellect and organized action that Protestantism
needed to meet the challenges of the era.
"With personal
experience as the ultimate authority, they could
disregard the ordinary world--so the hymns portrayed the
world as a stormy sea, full of turmoil and strife, and
looked forward to personal transformation and the hope
of heaven after death.
[In contrast to the
hope of the word of God, this is the southern black
contribution of hoplesness]
"Hebrew music... was
used in the luxurious times of the later monarchy the
effeminate gallants of Israel, reeking with perfumes,
and stretched upon their couches of ivory, were wont at
their banquets to accompany the song with the tinkling
of the psaltery or guitar (Am. v1. 4-6), and amused
themselves with devising musical instruments while their
nation was perishing... music was the legitimate
expression of mirth and gladness, and the indication of
peace and prosperity." (Smith's, Music, p. 590).
"An artificial,
effeminate music which should relax the soul, frittering
the melody, and displacing the power and majesty of
divine harmony by tricks of art, and giddy, thoughtless,
heartless, souless versifying would be meet company."
(Barnes, Albert, Amos, p. 303).
"Middleclass Protestants in POST-INDUSTRIAL
America were increasingly literate producing and
devouring newspapers magazines, histories, novels, and
poetry in enormous quantities. At the same time, male
and female roles were being redefined, and many men
spent their energies in the business and politics of an
expanding society. Those were arenas from which both women
and ministers, by custom and/or law, were excluded. Religion itself was
becoming a separate sphere, no longer directly linked to
government and public affairs, and ministers had lost
the prestige their forefathers had as scholars and
advisers to magistrates. Together with their most faithful
followers, middleclass women, they created a realm of
intense religious experience, separate from the larger
society, and gave it expression in poetry and hymnody.
Johannes Quasten. In Music and Worship in
Pagan and Christian Antiquity, beginning on page 41:
"Philodemus
considered it paradoxical that music should be
regarded as veneration of the gods while musicians were
paid for performing this so-called veneration. Again,
Philodemus held as self deceptive the view that music
mediated religious ecstasy.
He saw the entire
condition induced by the noise of cymbals (hand
clapping or tabering) and tambourines as a
disturbance of the spirit.
He found it
significant that, on the whole, only women and
effeminate men fell into this folly.
Accordingly,
nothing of value could be attributed to music; it
was no more than a slave of the sensation of pleasure, which
satisfied much in the same way that food and drink
did.
"Women and girls
from the different ranks of society were proud to enter the service of
the gods as singers and musicians. The understanding of
this service was universal:these singers constituted
the 'harem
of
the gods'."
(End of Quasten)
At the same time, male
and female roles were being redefined, and many men
spent their energies in the business and politics of an
expanding society.
........ Those were arenas from
which both women and ministers, by custom and/or law,
were excluded.
Religion itself was
becoming a separate sphere, no longer directly linked to
government and public affairs,
........ and ministers had lost the
prestige their forefathers had as scholars and advisers
to magistrates.
........ Together with their most
faithful followers, middleclass women,
........
........ they
created a realm of intense religious experience,
........
........ separate
from
the larger society, and gave it expression in poetry and
hymnody.
One bit of the "gospel" fully explained
by Paul is that Jesus fired the doctors of the Law. Peter
went further by outlawing "private interpretation" which
is to fuller expound. Therefore, there is no role in the
church for further expounders. The role of the church is
to teach the Word "as it has been taught" and then teach
the people that the Mind of Christ gives them no room to
"yearn" for selfish minds.
To tell you the truth, they had better
be fishing or watching a football game! I believe the same
scholars have filtered the idea that the people are not
interested in the Bible. Too bad! The problem is preacher
and scholar manufactured and "church" is not a pagan
worship center or "meet my needs" including fixing my car.
Rather, the church is synagogue or school of the Bible. It
has no role to play in social engineering or even
extensive social activism. Why get upset that the role of
the local psychologist is not to teach the Bible?
John Mark Hicks: Trinitarianism
is present in many quarters of contemporary Churches
of Christ.
It is regularly
discussed at lectureships and conferences, and is given a place in
contemporary theological works.[37] The earliest beginnings of
this resurgence was anti-Jehovah's Witness rhetoric like that found in Hugo McCord which Doug has noted.
The UNIVERSAL MESSAGE is
that no one ever believed that God was three persons
meaning people. Rather, in coming to the AID OF GOD they
used the word "trias" to DEFEAT the notion of Christ as a
creature.
John Mark Hicks:
McCord
describes Jesus in lofty language as "the Father of
Eternity" (based on Isaiah 9:6) and "no less than
Jehovah."[38] Unlike most of the first and second
generations,
he is willing to
use the term "Trinity" since "the Godhead is a threefold being."
Yet, there is a functional hierarchy in the immanent
Trinity and he accepts Campbell's distinction
between "Word" and "Son."[39]
One of the best
examples of this Trinitarian emergence is Roy H. Lanier, Sr.'s 1974 Timeless Trinity which dared to use the traditional word and
unfold a traditional, even orthodox, understanding of
Trinity.[40]
Lanier's book
enabled a wide acceptance of the term "Trinity" when
earlier in our history it was seen as an "ism." The book stresses the
deity of Christ (seven of the eight chapters on Christ
are about his deity).
It is unfair to Br.
Lainier who speaks of the trinity but does not commit
blasphemy by cutting the Godhead into three, separated
persons with independent skills and roles.
It was an ism throughout
history including the RM scholars. The trinity of three
persons is a brand new, primarily church of Christ heresy
now driving the Purpose Driven cult. However, the "honor"
probably goes to the Gospel Advocate literature feeding
from H. Leo Boles, The Holy Spirit, Gospel Advocate, 1942
John Mark Hicks: Furthermore, recent years
have emphasized
the incarnational presence
of God
in the
context of ethics and spiritual devotion.
"What Would Jesus Do?" has become the ethical slogan
of the last decade of the twentieth century and Max Lucado has certainly dominated
devotional/spiritual reflection on the
meaning of the incarnation.
When Jesus promised "another comforter"
He said "I will come to you." Furthermore, He said My
WORDS are SPIRIT and they are LIFE. John 6:63. Therefore,
the confession that Christ came fully in the flesh means
that he INCARNATED "the Mind of Christ" as the Holy Spirit
in His Words personally taught and preserved by
inspiration in the NT writers.
Therefore to suggest that God is
incarnated in ETHICS and DEVOTION denies that He is
Incarnated as Mind or Spirit in His Word. This is the
definition of Anti-Christ.
John Mark Hicks: Ethical reflection has risen to the top of our Christological
interests. This is probably due to the recent shift
from the epistles to the gospels in
our preaching and
teaching. Olbricht's 1979 theology of Mark, The Power to Be, is a good example. [41]
In 1987
Martin
Luther wrote
Reason knows nothing
about the wretchedness of depraved nature. It does not recognize
the fact that no man is able to keep God's
commandments; that all are under sin and condemnation;
and that the only way whereby help could be received
was for God to give his Son for the world, ordaining
another ministration, one through which grace and
reconciliation might be proclaimed to us.
Now, he who does not
understand the sublime subject of which Paul speaks cannot but miss
the true meaning of his words.
How much more did
we invite this fate when we threw the Scriptures
and Saint Paul's epistles under the bench,
and, like swine in husks, wallowed in man's nonsense!
Therefore, we must submit to correction and learn to
understand the apostle's utterance aright.
J.H.Garrison: "There
is God and Jesus: all the rest is opinion."
"Carl Ketcherside advocated that the "core gospel" "'consisted of the (1)
life, (2) death, (3) burial, (4) resurrection, (5)
ascension, (6) coronation and (7) glorification of
Jesus' (Mission Messenger, Dec., 1972, p. 180)." ibid, p. 53. He
also said that "The gospel was proclaimed as fully and
completely on the first Pentecost after the resurrection
of Jesus as it ever has been, and nothing written later was
added to it" (ibid, p. 53).
"Not one apostolic
letter is a part of the gospel of Christ...the Roman letter was
not a part of the gospel...the letter to the Galatians
was not a part of the gospel"
We note that Paul said that he KNEW
only Christ and Him crucified: He did not say: "I TEACH only Christ and Him
crucified." Knowing Christ means that you had better not
listen to a self-elevated 'scholar' or manufacturer of new
creeds out of old paganism. Paul preached only the MILK
because the Corinthians were still carnal. However, once
they were Spirit enlightened or "perfected" he was able to
preach the meat.
Dallas Burdette believing and teaching many
that God and the Gospel is incarnated in GRACE ONLY, is a
chance to show that there are dozens of things in the
Epistles which define the WHAT and HOW of the Gospel
INCARNATED in our earthly lives including baptism. We will
quote several pre Restoration Movement leaders who
identified the Christian System as the gospel: whatever is
good news is gospel.
Martin Luther told
the INCARNATIONAL freaks in his day:
35. In this light Paul
here portrays the false apostles and like pernicious schismatics,
who make great
boasts of having a clearer understanding and of knowing much better what to teach than is
the case with true preachers of the Gospel. And when they do their
very best,
when they pretend
great things, and do wonders with their preaching,
there is naught but the mere empty "letter."
In his CORE GOSPEL,
Rubel Shelly identifies seven facts ABOUT Jesus but then
says that:
These are the essentials of Christian faith. It is
this core message about Jesus that we share
........ in common with other
Bible-believing,
cross-proclaiming, resurrection-confessing, born-again
persons that
constitutes us a church.
Outside the essence
of the gospel,
there are other
features that reflect our history and consensus interpretations of the larger biblical message.
Rubel Shelly
dismisses the epistles as the product of, say, John
sifting poor memories with philosophy and writing
something based on his own personal agenda.
Therefore, shifting
from the epistles to the "gospels" is a confession that
there is no patience for a God INCARNATED in the fleshly
context of church, doctrine or keeping commandments.
This, again, is the meaning of ANTI-CHRIST.
(Click to see Shelly's repudiation of
all but the "core" of seven facts)
John Mark Hicks: Shelly followed with his Surely This Man Was the
Son of God.[42] That same year Hazelip and Durham published Jesus: Our Mentor and Our
Model in the same vein.[43]
Harding
University's 1988 lectureship on the Gospel of Mark was
entitled The
Lifestyle of Jesus.[44]
Since Paul knew
Christ and Him crucified, we need to save the epistles
to see how a FLESH-INCARNATED Christ functions in Paul
as part of His body.
As a way to MARK the
"super apostles" who were bleeding the church but not
being INCARNATED with a Christ spirit, Paul wrote:
Are they ministers of Christ? (I speak as a fool) I am
more; in labours more abundant, in stripes above
measure, in prisons more frequent, in deaths oft. 2 Cor
11:23
Of the Jews five
times received I forty stripes save one. 2 Cor 11:24
Thrice was I beaten with rods, once was I stoned,
thrice I suffered shipwreck, a night and a day I have
been in the deep; 2 Cor 11:25
In journeyings
often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in
perils by mine own countrymen, in perils by the
heathen, in perils in the city, in perils in the
wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among
false brethren; 2 Cor 11:26
In weariness and
painfulness, in watchings often, in hunger and
thirst, in fastings often, in cold and nakedness. 2
Cor 11:27
John Mark Hicks: Max
Lucado, however, has been the most influential of all. His Christology is
pervasive in our pulpits, our pews and throughout
evangelical culture. His recent
Just Like
Jesus
represents
his ethical reflection,[45] but his God Came Near, one of his first books,
reveals his Christological presuppositions.[46]
Experiencing God by Blackaby and King
plaguing the Baptists and churches of Christ uses his
Shelly-like Narrative theology to show that Jesus had his
"assignment" from God as did Moses, however, you must get
your own assignment as the Moses of Christ for your time.
Shelly claims that you can be even greater than these men.